The Role of Nano-Modified Irrigants in Enhancing Biofilm Disruption and Canal Disinfection: A Novel Approach

Abstract

effective disinfection strategies. Conventional irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and EDTA exhibit limitations in completely eliminating resistant microbial communities embedded within dentinal tubules. In recent years, nano-modified irrigants have emerged as a novel and promising approach in endodontic disinfection. Owing to their nanoscale dimensions and unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles such as silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and chitosan demonstrate enhanced penetration, surface reactivity, and antimicrobial efficiency. These nanoparticles, when integrated with traditional irrigants, disrupt biofilm architecture through mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, cell membrane damage, and sustained antimicrobial release. Comparative studies reveal superior biofilm disruption and canal cleanliness achieved by nano-modified formulations compared to conventional solutions. Despite these advantages, concerns regarding cytotoxicity, stability, and clinical safety remain significant barriers to routine clinical adoption. Continued research focusing on biocompatibility optimization, controlled nanoparticle release, and long-term effects is essential for clinical translation. Overall, nano-modified irrigants represent a significant advancement toward achieving thorough canal disinfection and long-term endodontic success.