Screening of Special Learning Disabilities Among School Going Children in Ujjain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract- Background- Special learning disabilities (SLDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders which includes disorders, such as dyslexia (reading), dysgraphia (writing), and dyscalculia (mathematics). The prevalence of SLD ranges from 5% to 15%.¹ For SLD, the evaluation typically involves a thorough evaluation conducted by a qualified professional, including paediatrician, clinical psychologist, occupational therapist, or educational specialist. Part of the evaluation may include standardized tests, observations, interviews, and developmental studies.

Once diagnosed, people with SLD can receive support and education tailored to their needs.² Early identification of SLD is important as affected children can significantly benefit from immediate social and academic performance intervention, so this study was planned to identify children with special learning disabilities on time and advise appropriate intervention. Methods—This cross-sectional study was done to screen for special learning disabilities. After taking permission from school authorities and parents, 385 school-going children were screened using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed and the chi-square test was applied to see the significance by comparing responses to questions asked with demographic data. Result— statistically significant association was seen in screen-positive students with birth weight (p=0.036), age (p=0.046), and type of (p=0.003). Presence of  symptoms of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), Autism spectrum disorder(ASD), and psychological problems was also found to have a statistically significant association with Screen positivity of SLDs ( p=0.000). Conclusion- The study highlights that a notable proportion of students experience challenges related to reading, writing, and mathematical skills, indicating SLD. These challenges have a statistically significant association with age, birth weight, the type of family they belong to, ADHD, and Autism. By raising awareness and understanding about SLD among educators, parents, and the broader community, society can better support individuals with learning differences and ensure that all children have the opportunity to thrive academically and achieve their full potential.

Key words- Special learning disability, Screening, School-going children, ADHD, Autism