Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in Clinical Science: Purpose and Prospects

Abstract

Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ (GHK-Cu), a naturally occurring tripeptide complexed with copper, has emerged as a significant bioactive molecule with diverse physiological roles. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of GHK-Cu, focusing on its role in wound healing, neurological disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, including leprosy and tuberculosis. We discuss the peptide's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, tissue-regenerative, and anti-cancer properties, along with its potential translational applications in clinical medicine.