Effect of Oral Lactoferrin on Ocular Health in Patients with Dry Eye Disease: An Retrospective Observational Pilot Study

Abstract

Background:
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation, and symptoms of ocular discomfort. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein secreted by the lacrimal gland, possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that help to maintain ocular surface homeostasis.

Aim: To assess the impact of oral lactoferrin supplementation on ocular health in patients admitted with dry eye disease at a hospital in Central India.

Methods
This observational study was conducted using medical records from the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary-care hospital in the Ujjain district. Records of 20 patients diagnosed with DED and treated with oral lactoferrin were reviewed retrospectively over 5 months, from October 2024 to February 2025. Clinical parameters, including Schirmer Test, Tear Film Break-Up Time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, corneal sensation, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, were assessed at baseline and during follow-up visits at 15 days and one month.

Results
The findings demonstrated improvements in tear secretion and tear film stability, along with a reduction in subjective symptoms after lactoferrin supplementation. A marked improvement was also observed in OSDI scores, reflecting enhanced ocular comfort and improved quality of life for patients.

Conclusion
Oral lactoferrin supplementation may serve as a beneficial adjunct in the management of DED. However, larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.